Single-phase AC circuit ni hta n-gun lang ai lam hpe shadawn na matu madung jak langai hku nna, single-phase n-gun shadawn ai jak ni gaw, wan n-gun n-gun n-gun, electronic shadawn ai lam, hte hkrak tup ai jak hte shalai ai hpaji ni hpe hpawng de da ai. Hpaji masa hku nna hkrang shapraw ai hku nna, shanhte gaw n-gun atsam hpe hkrak tup shadawn lu ma ai.
Htunghking hku galaw ai wan jak single-phase n-gun shadawn jak ni gaw wan n-gun n-gun n-gun jat ai lam a tara hpe madung tawn nna bungli galaw ai. Ya aten na coil hte voltage coil hpe load current hte voltage langai hte langai jaw ai shaloi, aluminum turntable ntsa hta galai shai ai magnetic flux hpe shapraw ya ai. Faraday a wan n-gun n-gun jat ai lam a npawt tara hku nga yang, galai shai wa ai wan n-gun n-gun gaw, turntable kata na eddy current ni hpe shabyin ya ai. Eddy current hte magnetic flux a lapran na matut mahkai lam gaw, mawdaw gau ai torque hpe shabyin ya nna, turntable hpe shadut ya ai. Dai aten hta sha, braking magnet kaw na pru wa ai n galai shai ai magnetic field gaw, turntable a shamu shamawt ai lam a n-gun atsam a magnetic line ni hpe gang je kau nna, shinggrup ai lawan ai hte maren sha re ai braking torque hpe shapraw ya ai. Hpang jahtum, ndai gaw turntable a lawan ai lam hpe load power hte hkrak hkrak hkra galaw ya ai. Gear transmission ladat gaw, turntable a shinggrup ai lawan ai hpe meter hti ai hku galai shai ya ai majaw, n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai.
Dai ni na aten na electronic langai sha lang ai n-gun shadawn jak ni hta, analog-digital hkrang hpe lang ai. Voltage sample hkam la ai circuit hta, shang wa ai voltage hte maren sha re ai signal kaji hpe lu la na matu, resistor garan ginhka ai network hpe lang ai. Ya aten na sample hpe manganese-copper shunt (sh) ya aten galai shai ai jak hpe lang nna, ya aten kaba hpe signal kaji de galai shai kau ai. Analog voltage hte ya aten na signal ni hpe analog-to-digital galai shai ai jak (ADC) hku nna digital manu ni de galai shai kau ngut ai hpang, Microcontroller (MCU) gaw, kalang ta n-gun atsam shadawn shadang (P=algorithms to Key circuitry hta, sample hpe hkrak hkra galaw na matu, n-gun ja ai -htuk manu ai npawt nhpang, n-gun n-ja ai n-gun n-gun hpe yeng seng kau na matu, n-gun n-ja ai n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai filter, n-gun ja ai n-gun n-rawng ai hpe yeng seng kau lu na matu, digital signal processor (DSP) ni lawm ai.
Shut ai lam hpe gram lajang ai lam gaw ahkyak ai hkrang shapraw ai lam langai rai nga ai: nbung katsi ai lam hpe gram lajang ai circuit gaw, nbung katsi ai lam a majaw byin wa ai akyu ni hpe gram lajang ya ai, nbung katsi ai lam hpe gram lajang ai ladat ni hpe jai lang nna, voltage hte ya aten na sample hkam la ai lam ni hta byin pru wa ai phase shai hkat ai lam ni hpe yeng seng kau ya ai, software algorithms ni hpe lang nna nhtoi{0}load lineity deformis ni hpe gram lajang ya ai. Anti-creep design gaw, n-gun n nga ai aten hta shadawn shadang shut ai lam n byin na matu, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun (voltage) n-gun n-gun n-gun hpe mu lu ai magnetic flux shingjawng ai lam hpe jai lang ai.
Smart grids ni hpe gyin shalat ai hte rau, single-phase n-gun shadawn jak nnan ni gaw, wireless matut mahkai module ni, shimlam shingdu shingna chip ni, hte multi-rate shadawn shadang atsam ni hpe hpaw shalawm nga ai. Core metering npawt tara ni hpe matut manoi tawn da ai shaloi, shanhte gaw grai hkrak ai hte hpaji rawng ai hku galaw lu ai lam de rawt jat wa nga ai.